Invest in You: Ready. Set. Grow.

Avoid this investing mistake as coronavirus fears grip the markets

Key Points
  • As the coronavirus spreads, its impact is also infecting the markets, putting the Dow Jones Industrial Average on course to potentially have its worst one-day drop since 2018.
  • If you're like most investors, you're probably tempted to check your investments, including your 401(k).
  • One behavioral finance expert says that's the worst thing you can do, because you might be tempted to act based on your emotions. Here's what to do instead.
Oliver Furrer | Cultura | Getty Images

The spread of the coronavirus helped to sink the Dow Jones Industrial Average more than 900 points when the market opened on Monday.

And if that decline goes past 1,000 points, it could be the biggest one-day drop since 2018.

If you're like many investors, you may be inclined to check your investment balances, including your 401(k), in reaction to the news.

Yet reacting to a sudden market fall is exactly what you shouldn't do, according to one expert.

"Volatility is inherently frightening," said Dan Ariely, professor of behavioral economics at Duke University and chief behavioral economist at personal finance app Qapital. "Being frightened means that we are paralyzed, we think about it too much."

"It influences our well-being, and it doesn't necessarily lead to good decisions," he added.

What the 'Predictably Irrational' author says not to do when the stock market tanks
VIDEO1:4101:41
What the 'Predictably Irrational' author says not to do when the stock market tanks

How the biggest mistakes happen

In 2008, when the markets were going crazy, Ariely found himself checking his own accounts more frequently as everything changed every half hour.

On a Friday morning, before a weekend away with his wife, he found himself consumed with checking his investments. And the compulsion put him in a bad mood.

"I wasn't going to sell," he said. "I wasn't going to buy; I was just kind of looking obsessively.

"It was about noon when I realized I was out of control," Ariely said. "I was looking too much."

Consequently, Ariely decided to enter his password wrong three times and lock himself out of his account.

"I couldn't check anymore, and the weekend was much nicer," Ariely said.

What's more, Ariely took his time before fixing his account so that he could check it again.

"If we're going to look at it going up and down, we're just going to be more miserable," Ariely said. "We're not only going to be more miserable, but act on it."

Those moves often include fleeing from stocks to bonds or cash — investments with a higher expected value for those with a lower expected value.

"Historically, those are some of the biggest mistakes that people can make," he said.

Dan Ariely, behavioral economist and psychologist.
Photo: Mary R.

Why you probably can't spot trends

Checking numbers, too, often can make it more difficult to accurately interpret trends, according to Ariely.

Take weight loss, for example. If people look at their weight in precise measurements with decimals — say 162.3 pounds — they tend to create stories to make sense of what they are seeing. And the result is often that they become unmotivated, Ariely said.

If instead people look at their weight data in a less granular way, say how it trends over several weeks, they can more accurately see what is happening. Plus, they tend to get less anxious and take better care of their health, he said.

More from Invest in You:
How this couple paid off their $300,000 mortgage in 5 years
Here's the secret to multiplying your savings
Save $1,000 without sacrificing anything you really love

When it's OK to act

Most people should hold off before making any moves during market tumult.

"Every time you open your portfolio and it changes your emotions, oftentimes you make a bad decision," Ariely said.

Of course, there are times when you have to log in. The key is to be intentional when you do.

"Decide what change you want to make, and only then open your portfolio," Ariely said. "It's never a good idea to open up your portfolio for fun and then decide what to do."

SIGN UP: Money 101 is an 8-week learning course to financial freedom, delivered weekly to your inbox.

CHECK OUT: The 9 highest-paying jobs of 2020 you can get with a bachelor's degree via Grow with Acorns+CNBC.

Disclosure: NBCUniversal and Comcast Ventures are investors in Acorns.

Josh Brown: How to protect your nest egg in volatile times
VIDEO6:5006:50
Josh Brown: How to protect your nest egg in volatile times